This paper investigates the conception of the soul, afterlife, and moral cosmology as articulated in ancient Indian scriptures, including the Puranas, Smritis, Mahabharata, Manu Smriti, and Bhagavad Gita. Drawing upon textual evidence and doctrinal interpretations, it explores: (1) the nature of the soul’s subtle body after death, (2) the mechanisms of transmigration and karmic fruition, and (3) the moral and ritual obligations that guide a soul’s post-mortem destiny. The study further examines the role of yogic perception and divine insight in validating esoteric knowledge claims, situating these ancient perspectives in dialogue with select modern claims of near-death experiences and subtle body research. It addresses skepticism toward scriptural authority, arguing that disbelief often stems from socio-cultural dislocation rather than epistemic insufficiency. The paper concludes that ancient paradigms offer a coherent ethical and metaphysical framework for understanding human existential continuity.